By Laura Husband

Lake Tanganyika in East Africa is at its hottest for 1,500 years and is likely to affect the fish supply of those living in the four countries that surround it, a new study has found.

The study carried out by a team of geologists from Brown University, US took samples from the lake bed to measure its temperature.

Geologists drilled into Lake Tanganyika to measure the surface temperature over 1,500 years

The temperature increased rapidly in the 20th Century and today the surface temperature is a record 26 degrees Celsius. The warming has already affected the ecosystem and the number of fish.

“Our data shows a consistent relationship between the lake surface temperature and productivity including the number of fish,” said geologist and lead author of the study Jessica Tierney.

As the lake’s surface temperature continues to rise, fish productivity is expected to decline and this will affect the fishing industry in the region, explained Tierney.

Lake Tanganyika is one of the richest freshwater ecosystems in the world. The lake divides into levels naturally: the top 100 metres have most of the animal species while the water closest to the lake bed has less oxygen but more nutrients. The ecosystem relies on the two types of water mixing together.

Tierney found that as the lake warms the two levels cannot mix together. This means fish will struggle to get nutrients from the waterbed.

People throughout South-Central Africa depend on Lake Tanganyika’s fish, said geology professor Andrew Cohen.

The climate change models, if accurate, show the warming in the region will only get worse, explained geology professor James Russell.

By Hannah King

Ethiopia has become the most recent African nation to announce the arrival of its very own science academy, located in the capital Addis Ababa and backed by the UK’s Royal Society. But there are fears that centres elsewhere have so far failed to deliver.

Ethiopia has become the most recent African nation to announce the arrival of its very own science academy

The past few years have seen the arrival of a number of science centres across the African continent as political interest in science has grown. Demisse Habte, former World Bank health specialist and president of Ethiopia’s new academy said: “There is a much better appreciation in the government for the role science can play in development.” Other academies set up recently include one in Zambia in 2005, Mauritius in 2007 and Mozambique in 2009, with more planned. The next opening is expected to be in Namibia.

But few of Africa’s new academies have so far achieved what they set out to. Mohamed Hassan, executive director of the Academy of Sciences for the Developing World (TWAS) said: “It’s been a very slow process, and a little bit disappointing.” He explained that in Tanzania for example, the academy has been in existence for four to five years and has still not matured. “It has only about 25 members, most of whom are old men. They are not moving.”

According to Hassan, there are two main problems with Africa’s emerging academies. The first is that they lack leadership, a dedicated figurehead to drive them forward, and the second is a failure to connect with and inspire the next generation of young scientists.

As for the centre in Addis Ababa, it has not yet been approved by parliament and as such its future funding structure remains uncertain.