By Smitha Mundasad

Sensors that could be implanted in the body to collect data about fracture healing are being developed by Turkish and American researchers.

“More than 10 per cent of fractures do not heal properly, but doctors are not able to see the bones healing, instead they have to make educated guesses,” said Emre Unal, a nanotechnologist at Bilkent University in Turkey.

X-ray of fractured femur. Image credit: Smitha Mundasad

In experimental models, sensors are applied to metal plates, similar to ones used by surgeons to fix fractures in place. The wireless sensors can then pick up information on the strain applied to them.

The nanotechnologists hypothesise that, over time, as bones heal and patients start to become mobile, less strain will be detected by the sensors as more will be taken up by the healing bone. When fully developed, they suggest, a doctor could monitor strain data over time to check whether a fracture is healing as expected. This important information could be obtained without scans and invasive procedures.

Experiments are currently taking place on sheep metatarsals in the US, which show promising results.

There are still, however, many barriers that need to be overcome if this is to become a clinically useful tool. “Sensors will need to be made of biocompatible material, and tests will have to take place on human bones,” explained Unal.

“Nanotechnological advances are set to make a huge contribution to medicine,” said Mohan, a Bristol surgeon.

By Charlotte King

Our normal DNA sequence and the way it is read to make proteins can be altered thanks to research by Dr Jason Chin and his team.

Chin, a Cambridge University fellow, received the Francis Crick prize for his revolutionary work on the manipulation of DNA, at the Royal Society late last year.

The way that DNA is read to make proteins is crucial to life, growth and repair but what happens if the natural way of reading the code is changed to make unnatural proteins?

Normal DNA is read in a process involving large proteins within each cell, which form the proteins in the body, such as those in skin and new tissue for growth. But Chin and colleagues manipulated the genetic code and the tools that read it in order to make unnatural proteins.

They wrote a new DNA sequence and created new enzymes and machinery to direct the reading of the new sequence so that these new proteins were made.

There are many potential uses for these proteins. The main one is labeling them to study interactions within cells, to discover why certain diseases happen so new drugs can be made. There are no specific diseases in mind at present, but Chin says these are “techniques for better understanding of disease processes” and to find new drug targets, such as “growth hormones”.

The prize Chin won is in honour of Francis Crick, who was one of the co-discoverers of the structure of DNA. It goes to a scientist who has made developments in areas that are relevant to Crick’s area of work (molecular biology, physics and neuroscience) up until he died in 2004. The lecture delivered by Chin in November 2009 can be viewed online.

Chin’s research papers can also be viewed online.